Shedding Light on Nutritional Status of Karachi’s Elderly: A Cross Sectional Study

Background:Malnutrition is a critical public health issue in developing countries, with one in five individuals undernourished (WHO). The Pakistan Nutrition Survey (2011) estimated that 42% of elderly in Pakistan suffer from malnutrition. This study aimed to assess the burden of malnutrition among Karachi’s elderly and identify its key determinants.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023, recruiting 100 participants aged ≥65 via convenience sampling. Exclusion criteria included individuals on artificial nutrition, those with grade 4 comorbidities, severe disabilities, or a high mortality risk based on the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Each participant underwent a clinical assessment, including anthropometric measurements (Mid-Arm Circumference [MAC], Calf Circumference, and Body Mass Index [BMI]). Dietary habits, comorbid conditions, and food restrictions were evaluated through structured interviews, and nutritional status was assessed using the Nestlé Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool.
Results: Among participants, 5.6% were malnourished and 30.6% were at risk. Women had a higher malnutrition rate (10.5%), while 35.3% of men were at risk. The mean age was 69.65 ± 5.77 years. Digestive issues were the most commonly reported factor, and malnourished individuals consumed significantly less protein and dairy.
Conclusion: Malnourished individuals showed signs of wasting, with 11.8% having a calf circumference <31 cm and 50% with a mid-arm circumference <21 cm (p < 0.001). Additionally, compromised activities of daily living, particularly bathing, were noted (p < 0.001). These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions for Karachi’s elderly.

Malnutrition, mini nutritional assessment, cumulative illness rating scale, mid-arm circumference, activities of daily living.